Parizvino, mota yeChina uye zvikamu indasitiri yemari chiyero cheyero inosvika 1: 1, uye mota powerhouse 1: 1.7 reshiyo ichiripo gap, zvikamu indasitiri yakakura asi haina kusimba, iyo maindasitiri cheni kumusoro nekudzika kune akawanda zvikanganiso uye breakpoints.Izvo zvakakosha zvemakwikwi epasi rose eindasitiri yemotokari ndiyo inotsigira sisitimu, ndiko kuti, iyo indasitiri ketani, iyo kukosha ketani makwikwi.Naizvozvo, gadzirisa marongero ekumusoro uye kudzika kweindastiri, mhanyisa kubatanidzwa uye hunyanzvi hwekutengesa cheni, kuvaka yakazvimiririra, yakachengeteka uye inodzoreka maindasitiri cheni, uye kusimudzira chinzvimbo cheChina mumaindasitiri epasi rose, ndiko kukurudzira kwekupedzisira uye kunoshanda. zvinodiwa kuti uwane kusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro kwekutengesa kunze kwemotokari.
Zvikamu uye zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinowanzo kugadzikana
1. 2020 China zvikamu uye zvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinodzikira pamwero wepamusoro kupfuura wemota dzakakwana.
Kubva 2015, zvikamu zvemotokari zveChina (kusanganisira makiyi emota zvikamu, masipari, girazi, matai, zvakafanana pazasi) kuchinjika kwekunze hakuna hombe.Pamusoro peiyo 2018 inotengeswa kunze kwenyika yakapfuura madhora mabhiriyoni makumi matanhatu, mamwe makore ari kuyerera achikwira nekudzika madhora 55 bhiriyoni, yakafanana neyepagore yekuburitsa kunze kwemota yese.2020, China yakazara kutengesa kunze kwezvinhu zvemotokari zvigadzirwa zvinopfuura mabhiriyoni makumi manomwe nerimwe emadhora, zvikamu zvakaverengera 78.0%.Pakati pavo, motokari yose inotengeswa kunze kwe $ 15.735 mabhiriyoni, pasi pe3.6% gore negore;zvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvemadhora 55.397 bhiriyoni, pasi 5.9% gore-pa-gore, chiyero chekuderera kupfuura mota yese.Kuenzaniswa ne2019, mutsauko wepamwedzi wekutengesa kunze kwezvikamu uye zvikamu muna 2020 uri pachena.Zvichikanganiswa nedenda, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakawira pasi muna Kukadzi, asi muna Kurume izvo zvakadzoka kusvika padanho renguva imwe chete gore rapfuura;nekuda kwekushaiwa kusimba mumisika yemhiri kwemakungwa, mwedzi mina inotevera yakaramba ichidzika, kusvika Nyamavhuvhu yakagadzikana uye yakadzokororwa, Gunyana kusvika Zvita kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwakaramba kuchimhanya padanho repamusoro.Zvichienzaniswa nemotokari yekuendesa kunze kwemaitiro, zvikamu uye zvikamu kupfuura motokari 1 mwedzi yapfuura pane imwe nguva gore rakapera kudzokera kuzinga, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti zvikamu uye zvikamu zvekunzwa kwemusika kwakasimba.
2. Zvikamu zvemotokari zvinotengeswa kune zvikamu zvakakosha uye zvishandiso
Muna 2020, mota dzeChina dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika dzezvikamu zvakakosha 23.021 bhiriyoni US madhora, pasi ne4.7% gore-pagore, inoverengera 41.6%;zero accessories inotumira kunze 19.654 bhiriyoni US madhora, pasi 3.9% gore-pa-gore, inoverengera 35.5%;girazi remotokari rinotengesa kunze 1.087 bhiriyoni US madhora, pasi 5.2%;matai emotokari anoendesa kunze kwenyika 11.635 bhiriyoni US madhora, pasi 11.2%.Girazi remotokari rinonyanya kutumirwa kuUnited States, Japan, Germany, South Korea nedzimwe nyika dzechinyakare dzekugadzira mota, matayi emotokari anonyanya kutumirwa kuUnited States, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom nemamwe misika mikuru yekunze.
Kunyanya, iwo makuru makuru ezvikamu zvakakosha zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika ndeye furemu uye brake system, kunze kwenyika aive 5.041 bhiriyoni uye 4.943 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, ainyanya kutumirwa kuUnited States, Japan, Mexico, Germany.Panyaya yezvikamu zvakasara, zvekufukidzira muviri nemavhiri ndiwo makuru ekutengesa kunze kwenyika muna 2020, ane kukosha kwekutengesa kunze kwe6.
3. Misika yekutengesa kunze kwenyika inonangana muAsia, North America neEurope
Asia (chinyorwa ichi chinoreva mamwe mativi eAsia kusasanganisa China, iwowo pazasi), North America neEurope ndiyo musika mukuru wekutengesa kunze kwezvikamu zveChinese.2020, zvikamu zvakakosha zveChina zvinotengesa kunze musika mukuru iAsia, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwe7.494 bhiriyoni, kuverengera 32.6%;ichiteverwa neNorth America, inotengeswa kunze kwenyika ye6.076 bhiriyoni, inoverengera 26.4%;inotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEurope 5.902 bhiriyoni, inoverengera 25.6%.Panyaya yezero accessories, kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kuAsia kwakaverengera 42.9 muzana;zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuNorth America 5.065 mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichitora 25.8 muzana;kutengeswa kunze kwenyika kuEurope 3.371 bhiriyoni US madhora, achiverengera 17.2 muzana.
Kunyangwe paine kupokana kwekutengeserana pakati peChina neUnited States, kutengeswa kweChina kwezvikamu uye zvikamu kuUnited States muna 2020 kwadzikira, asi ingave zvikamu zvakakosha kana zero accessories, United States ichiri mutengesi mukuru weChina, zvese zvinotumira kune United States yakaverengera 24% yezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinodarika mabhiriyoni gumi emadhora ekuAmerica.Pakati pazvo, zvikamu zvakakosha zvezvinhu zvikuru zvekutengesa kunze kweiyo brake system, kumiswa sisitimu uye inotungamira sisitimu, zero zvishongedzo zvezvikuru zvinotengeswa kunze kwemavhiri ealuminium, muviri uye magetsi emagetsi.Dzimwe nyika dzine kutengeswa kwakanyanya kwezvikamu zvakakosha uye zvishongedzo zvinosanganisira Japan, South Korea neMexico.
4. RCEP yedunhu motokari indasitiri cheni ekisipoti kukosha
Muna 2020, Japan, South Korea neThailand ndidzo nyika nhatu dzepamusoro mudunhu reRCEP (Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement) maererano nekutengeswa kunze kwenyika kwezvikamu zvakakosha uye zvishongedzo zvemotokari dzeChinese.The ekisipoti zvigadzirwa kuJapan zvikuru aruminiyamu alloy mavhiri, muviri, ignition wiring boka, bhureki hurongwa, airbag, etc.;zvigadzirwa zvekutengesa kunze kuSouth Korea zvinonyanya kupisa wiring boka, muviri, steering system, airbag, nezvimwe;izvo zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kuThailand zvakanyanya muviri, aluminium alloy mavhiri, steering system, brake system, nezvimwe.
Pane kuchinja-chinja kwezvikamu zvinopinzwa mumakore achangopfuura
1. kuwedzera kudiki kwezvikamu zveChina zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2020
Kubva muna 2015 kusvika muna 2018, zvinhu zvemotokari zveChina zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakaratidza kukwira kuri kuita gore negore;muna 2019, pakanga paine kudonha kukuru, nekutengesa kunodonha ne12.4% gore pagore;muna 2020, kunyangwe zvakakanganisika nedenda, zvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvakasvika kuUS $ 32.113 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kudiki kwe0.4% pamusoro pegore rapfuura, nekuda kwekudhonza kwakasimba kwekudiwa kwemba.
Kubva pamaitiro epamwedzi, kupinza kwezvikamu uye zvikamu muna 2020 kwakaratidza yakaderera maitiro pamberi uye mushure meiyo yepamusoro maitiro.Kudzikira kwepagore kwaive muna Kubvumbi kusvika Chivabvu, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekupa kwakakonzerwa nekupararira kwedenda mhiri kwemakungwa.Kubva pakadzikamiswa muna Chikumi, mabhizinesi emotokari epamba kuti ave nechokwadi chekugadzika kweketani, kuwedzera nemaune zvikamu zvakasara, zvikamu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muhafu yechipiri yegore zvinogara zvichimhanya zvakanyanya.
2. Zvikamu zvakakosha zvinotora chikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe muzana kubva kunze kwenyika
Muna 2020, zvikamu zvakakosha zvemotokari zveChina zvinounza 21.642 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, zvichidzika ne2.5% gore negore, zvichiverengera 67.4%;zero accessories inopinza 9.42 bhiriyoni US madhora, kumusoro 7.0% gore-pa-gore, inoverengera 29.3%;girazi remotokari rinounza kunze kwenyika 4.232 bhiriyoni US madhora, kumusoro 20.3% gore-pagore;matayi emotokari anopinza 6.24 bhiriyoni US madhora, pasi ne2.0% gore negore.
Kubva pazvikamu zvakakosha, kutengesa kunze kwenyika kwakaverengera hafu yehuwandu.2020, China yakaunza madhora bhiriyoni gumi nemazana mana nemakumi matatu nemazana mana emadhora mukufambiswa, zvichidzika zvishoma ne0.6% gore-pagore, zvichiverengera makumi mana nesere muzana ezvese, neiyo huru yekupinza masosi ari Japan, Germany, United States neSouth Korea.Izvi zvinoteverwa nemafuremu uye peturu/natural gasi injini.Vatengesi vakuru vemafuremu iGermany, United States, Japan neAustria, uye injini dzepeturu/natural gasi dzinonyanya kutengwa kubva kuJapan, Sweden, United States neGermany.
Panyaya yekutenga kunze kwezero accessories, kuvharwa kwemuviri kwakaverengera makumi mashanu neshanu muzana ezvese zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zve5.157 bhiriyoni, kuwedzera kwe11.4% gore-pagore, nyika huru dzinopinza iGermany, Portugal, United States neJapan.Vehicle lighting device inotengeswa kunze kwenyika inosvika $1.929 bhiriyoni, ichikwira 12.5% gore negore, ichiverengera 20%, kunyanya kubva kuMexico, Czech Republic, Germany neSlovakia nedzimwe nyika.Zvakakodzera kuti titaure kuti, nekufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwehunyanzvi hwepamba cockpit tekinoroji uye kutsigira, kuunza kune zvine hukama zero accessories kuri kuita kushomeka gore negore.
3. Europe ndiyo musika mukuru wekutengesa kune zvikamu
Muna 2020, Europe neAsia ndiyo misika huru yekupinza zvinhu zvemotokari dzeChina zvikamu.Kutengeswa kubva kuEurope kwakasvika kumadhora 9.767 mabhiriyoni, kuwedzera kuduku kwe0.1% gore negore, kuverengera 45.1%;kutengeswa kubva kuAsia kwakasvika kumadhora 9.126 bhiriyoni, pasi pe10.8% gore negore, kuverengera 42.2%.Saizvozvo, musika mukuru wekutengesa we zero accessories uriwo Europe, ine 5.992 bhiriyoni inotengeswa kunze kwenyika, kusvika 5.4% gore negore, inoverengera 63.6%;inoteverwa neAsia, ine zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvemadhora 1.860 bhiriyoni, zvichidzika 10.0% gore-pagore, zvichiverengera 19.7%.
Muna 2020, China inonyanya kuunza kunze kwenyika dzezvikamu zvakakosha zvemotokari iJapan, Germany neUnited States.Pakati pavo, kunze kwenyika kubva kuUnited States kwakakura zvakanyanya, nekuwedzera kwegore negore kwe48.5%, uye zvinhu zvikuru zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika ndezvekutumira, machira uye masisitimu ekutungamirira.Zvikamu uye zvishongedzo zvinotengeswa kubva kunyika dzakanyanya Germany, Mexico neJapan.Zvinotengeswa kubva kuGermany 2.399 bhiriyoni US madhora, kuwedzera kwe1.5%, inoverengera 25,5%.
4. Munharaunda yeRCEP chibvumirano, China ine chivimbo chepamusoro kune zvigadzirwa zveJapan
Muna 2020, Japan, South Korea, Thailand yakaronga nyika nhatu dzepamusoro dzekuChina dzakatengwa kunze kwezvikamu zvakakosha zvemotokari uye zvishongedzo kubva mudunhu reRCEP, neiyo huru yekutumira uye zvikamu, injini nemitumbi ye1 ~ 3L mota dzinotamiswa, uye yakakwirira. kuvimba nezvigadzirwa zveJapan.Munharaunda yeRCEP chibvumirano, kubva kumutengo wekutengesa, 79% yekutumira uye diki mota otomatiki kutumira kunze kwenyika kubva kuJapan, 99% yeinjini yemotokari kubva kuJapan, 85% yemuviri kubva kuJapan.
Kuvandudzwa kwezvikamu kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemusika wese wemotokari
1. Zvikamu uye zvikamu mabhizinesi anofanira kufamba pamberi pemota yese
Kubva kuhurongwa hwemitemo, iyo indasitiri yemotokari indasitiri mutemo zvakanyanya kutenderedza mota yekuvandudza, zvikamu uye zvikamu mabhizinesi anongotamba "basa rekutsigira";kubva pakuona kunze kwenyika, mavhiri emota akazvimirira emhando, girazi uye matai erabha mumusika wepasi rese kuti atore nzvimbo, nepo kukosha kwepamusoro-kwakawedzerwa, kukwirisa kukuru kweiyo core components budiriro inosara kumashure.Seyakakosha indasitiri, zvikamu zvemotokari zvinosanganisira huwandu hwakasiyana hwemaindasitiri cheni yakareba, hapana indasitiri endogenous dhiraivha uye kudyidzana kusimudzira, zvakaoma kuita budiriro yepakati tekinoroji.Zvakakosha kuratidza kuti munguva yakapfuura, mainframe chirimwa chiripo kungoteedzera nzwisiso yedivi remusika, uye vatengesi vepamusoro vanongochengetedza hukama huri nyore uye hwekuda, havana kuita basa mukufambisa indasitiri yekumberi. cheni.
Kubva pakurongeka kwepasirese kweindasitiri yezvikamu, maOEM makuru semwaranzi wepakati pasirese akaumba mapoka matatu makuru eindasitiri: United States semusimboti, nechibvumirano cheUS-Mexico-Canada chekuchengetedza North America indasitiri chain cluster. ;Germany, France semusimboti, indasitiri yeEuropean chain chain yemwaranzi muCentral neEastern Europe;China, Japan, South Korea semusimboti weiyo Asia indasitiri ketani cluster.Kuhwina mukana wekusiyanisa mumusika wepasirese, mabhizinesi emotokari anozvimiririra anofanirwa kushandisa zvakanaka indasitiri chain cluster effect, teerera kune synergy yekumusoro-soro yekugovera cheni, kuwedzera kumberi-kumagumo dhizaini, kutsvagisa uye kusimudzira nekubatanidza. kuedza, uye kukurudzira akasimba akazvimirira zvikamu mabhizinesi kuenda kugungwa pamwechete, kunyangwe pamberi pemota yese.
2. Autonomous head suppliers vanounza nguva yemikana yebudiriro
Denda iri rine nguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu kukanganisa kwepasirese auto zvikamu zvekupa, izvo zvichabatsira mabhizinesi makuru epamba ane yepasi rose yekugadzira dhizaini.Munguva pfupi, denda rinoramba richikwevera pasi kugadzirwa kwevanopa mhiri kwemakungwa, nepo mabhizinesi epamba ari ekutanga kutangazve basa nekugadzira, uye mamwe maodha asingakwanise kupihwa nenguva anogona kumanikidzwa kushandura vatengesi, zvichipa nguva yehwindo yemusha. zvikamu makambani kuti vawedzere bhizinesi ravo rekunze.Mukufamba kwenguva, kuitira kudzikisira njodzi yekucheka kwekunze kwekutengesa, mamwe maOEM anozove vatengesi vakazvimiririra mune inotsigira sisitimu, zvemukati zvemukati zvikamu zvekupinza zvinotsiva zvinotarisirwa kukurumidza.Iyo indasitiri yemotokari zvese kutenderera uye kukura kwehuviri hunhu, mumamiriro ekushomeka kwemusika kukura, iyo indasitiri yezvimiro mikana inogona kutarisirwa.
3. "Zvitsva zvina" zvichagadzirisazve maitiro emotokari yemotokari
Parizvino, zvinhu zvina zvikuru, zvinosanganisira kutungamira kwemitemo, hwaro hwehupfumi, kurudziro yemagariro uye tekinoroji dhiraivha, zvakamhanyisa kubereka uye nekusimudzira "zvina zvitsva" zveiyo auto indasitiri cheni - kusiyanisa magetsi, network yekubatanidza, hungwaru uye kugovana.Vagadziri vevaenzi vanozogadzira mamodheru akagadziridzwa zvinoenderana neakasiyana ekufambisa nharembozha;kugadzirwa kwepuratifomu kuchakurumidza kudzokorora kutaridzika kwemotokari uye mukati;uye kugadzirwa kunoshanduka kuchabatsira kukwidziridza mutsara wekugadzira.Kukura kwetekinoroji yemagetsi, kubatanidzwa kweindasitiri ye5G, uye kuzadzikiswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwehungwaru hwakagovaniswa mamiriro ekutyaira kuchagadzirisa zvakadzama patani yeramangwana remaindasitiri emotokari.Iwo matatu emagetsi masisitimu (bhatiri, mota uye magetsi ekudzora) anofambiswa nekusimuka kwemagetsi anotsiva echinyakare mukati memoto injini uye ive iwo musimboti wakakwana;mutakuri mukuru wehungwaru - mota chip, ADAS uye AI rutsigiro ichava iyo nyowani yekupokana;sechinhu chakakosha chekubatana kwetiweki, C-V2X, mepu yakanyatsojeka, tekinoroji yekutyaira yakazvimiririra uye kupindirana kwemitemo mana makuru ekutyaira asipo.
Mushure memusika mukana unopa mikana yekusimudzira kumakambani ezvikamu
Maererano neOICA (World Organization of Automobile), hutori hwemotokari yepasi rose huchava 1.491 bhiriyoni muna 2020. Kukura kwemuridzi kunopa bhizinesi rakasimba chiteshi chemotokari aftermarket, zvichireva kuti pachava nekuwanda kwekudiwa kwebasa rekutengesa uye kugadziriswa mune ramangwana, uye makambani eChinese zvikamu anofanirwa kubata mukana uyu zvakasimba.
MuUS, semuenzaniso, pakupera kwa2019, kwaive nemotokari dzinosvika mazana maviri nemakumi masere emamiriyoni muUS;iyo yakazara mota mamaira muUS muna 2019 yaive 3.27 matiririyoni mamaira (anenge 5.26 matiririyoni emakiromita), ine avhareji yezera remotokari yemakore 11.8.Kukura kwemotokari mamaira inotyairwa uye kuwedzera kweavhareji zera remotokari kuri kufambisa kukura muzvikamu zvemarket uye kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mari.Maererano neAmerican Automotive Aftermarket Suppliers Association (AASA), iyo US automotive aftermarket inofungidzirwa kusvika $308 bhiriyoni muna 2019. Kuwedzera kwemusika kudiwa kuchabatsira zvakanyanya kubva kumakambani anotarisa kumotokari aftermarket masevhisi, kusanganisira vatengesi vezvikamu, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa masevhisi, vatengesi vemotokari vakashandiswa, nezvimwe, izvo zvakanakira zvikamu zvemotokari zveChina zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika.
Saizvozvo, iyo yeEuropean aftermarket ine yakakura mukana.Maererano neEuropean Automobile Manufacturers Association (ACEA) data, avhareji zera remotokari dzeEurope makore gumi.Iyo yazvino musika mugove weGerman OEM system yakaenzana neiyo yakazvimirira yechitatu-bato chiteshi.Mumusika wekugadzirisa uye kutsiva masevhisi ematayi, kugadzirisa, runako uye kupfeka uye kubvarura zvikamu, yakazvimirira chiteshi system inoverengera ingangoita makumi mashanu muzana emusika;nepo mumabhizinesi maviri emakanika uye emagetsi kugadzirisa uye sheet simbi kupfapfaidza, iyo OEM system inogara inopfuura hafu yemusika.Parizvino, maGerman anounzwa kunze kwezvikamu zvemotokari kunyanya kubva kuCzech Republic, Poland nevamwe vatengesi veCentral neEastern Europe OEM, zvinotengeswa kubva kuChina kuenda kune zvakakosha zvigadzirwa senge matai, brake friction pads.Mune ramangwana, makambani eChinese zvikamu anogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwemusika weEurope.
Iyo indasitiri yemotokari iri kusangana nezana ramakore rekuvandudzwa kweiyo hombe hwindo nguva, sezvo iyo indasitiri inoteedzera kumusoro uye yakadzika auto zvikamu indasitiri yakatama nayo, mukubatanidza, kugadziridza, maitiro ane simba emakwikwi, kukosha kwekubata mukana wekuzvisimbisa. uye kugadzirisa kukanganisa.Namatira kubudiriro yakazvimirira, tora nzira yekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, ndiyo sarudzo isingadzivisike yeChina auto indasitiri cheni kusimudzira.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-25-2022